Forceps and vacuum-assisted births are methods of assisted delivery that are used to help a baby be born during the second stage of labour. Both methods involve the use of instruments to guide the baby through the birth canal.

Forceps Delivery:

Forceps are a pair of metal instruments that resemble large spoons or tongs. They are used to gently grasp the baby's head and guide it out of the birth canal. Forceps are typically used when the baby is in an awkward position or when the mother is too tired to push effectively. They are generally considered safe, but there is a risk of injury to the mother and baby such as vaginal tears, perineal injury, and bleeding, and in rare cases, distress in the baby.

Vacuum-Assisted Delivery:

Vacuum-assisted birth, also known as ventouse delivery, involves the use of a soft cup that is attached to the baby's head with a vacuum. The vacuum helps to guide the baby out of the birth canal. Vacuum-assisted delivery is considered less invasive than forceps and the risk of injury is less. This method is typically used when the baby is in a difficult position, the mother is tired and unable to push effectively, or when there is a concern for foetal distress.

Safety and Risks:

It's important to note that both methods are only used when it's deemed medically necessary, and they are typically used as a last resort. The use of forceps and vacuum-assisted delivery should be discussed with a healthcare provider to determine if it's the best option for the mother and baby.

It is also important to be aware that the use of instruments like forceps or vacuum during delivery may increase the risk of certain complications such as maternal injury, bleeding and infection, or foetal distress.