Gastroenterology Oncology is a subspecialty of oncology that deals specifically with the diagnosis and treatment of cancer of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The GI tract includes the oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum, and anus. Gastroenterologists who specialise in oncology have advanced training in the detection, diagnosis and treatment of cancer in these areas.
Symptoms of GI tract cancer can vary depending on the location of the tumour, but may include things like abdominal pain, weight loss, changes in bowel habits, blood in the stool, and anaemia. Gastroenterologist oncologists are trained to evaluate these symptoms and perform the necessary tests to determine if cancer is present.
Endoscopic screening is a method used by gastroenterologist oncologists to detect cancer of the GI tract. This type of screening typically involves the use of a flexible scope to examine the inside of the GI tract. This allows the physician to detect any abnormalities or suspicious areas that may be indicative of cancer. Endoscopic screening can be used to detect esophageal, stomach, colon, rectal and anal cancer.
In addition to endoscopic screening, imaging is another important tool used in the diagnosis of GI tract cancer. This can include X-ray, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound. These imaging modalities allow physicians to visualise the entire GI tract and identify any suspicious areas that may be indicative of cancer.
A biopsy is a procedure in which a small sample of tissue is taken from the suspected cancerous area and examined under a microscope. This allows physicians to determine if the cells in the tissue sample are cancerous and, if so, what type of cancer it is. Biopsy can be performed during endoscopic screening or using imaging-guided techniques.
Molecular diagnostics is becoming increasingly important in the diagnosis and treatment of GI tract cancer. This type of testing examines the genetic makeup of cancer cells to help identify specific mutations or changes that may be driving the cancer’s growth. This information can be used to develop targeted therapies that are more effective and have fewer side effects.
Treatment options for GI tract cancer will depend on the location and stage of the cancer, as well as the patient’s overall health. Surgery is often the mainstay of treatment for GI tract cancer, however, radiation therapy and chemotherapy may also be used in certain cases. Gastroenterologist oncologists work closely with other specialists such as surgical oncologists and radiation oncologists to provide comprehensive care for their patients.
Overall, gastroenterology oncology is a specialised field that requires advanced training and expertise in the detection, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer of the gastrointestinal tract. These specialists play a critical role in the management of patients with GI tract cancer and work closely with other members of the oncology team to provide the best possible outcome for patients.
