Dilation and curettage (D&C) is a common surgical procedure used to diagnose and treat a variety of gynaecological conditions. The procedure involves dilating the cervix (the opening of the uterus) and using a curette (a spoon-shaped instrument) to scrape the lining of the uterus.

Indications for D&C

• Abnormal bleeding: D&C can be used to diagnose and treat abnormal bleeding caused by conditions such as fibroids, polyps, or endometrial cancer. It is also used to diagnose the cause of heavy bleeding or irregular periods.
• Miscarriage: D&C may be performed in the case of a missed or incomplete miscarriage. In such cases, the procedure is used to remove any remaining tissue from the uterus.
• Abortion: D&C is sometimes used as a method of abortion, particularly in the early stages of pregnancy.

Procedure

The procedure is usually performed in a hospital or clinic under general or spinal anaesthesia. This means that you will be asleep or numb from the waist down during the procedure.

The cervix is dilated (widened) using thin rods made of plastic or metal. The width of the rods will depend on how far along the pregnancy is.

Once the cervix is dilated, the curette is inserted into the uterus and the lining of the uterus is scraped to remove any tissue. The tissue is then examined by a pathologist to help diagnose any underlying conditions.

The procedure usually takes about 15-20 minutes, after which you will be taken to a recovery room to wake up from the anaesthesia.

Recovery

Recovery time after a D&C varies depending on the individual and the reason for the procedure. You may experience some cramping and light bleeding or spotting for a few days after the procedure.

Most people can return to normal activities within a few days, but it is important to avoid strenuous activities and sexual intercourse for a week or two to allow for proper healing. Your doctor may also recommend avoiding using tampons or douching for a period of time.

Complications

D&C is considered a safe procedure, but as with any surgery, there is a risk of complications. These can include bleeding, infection, and injury to the cervix or uterus.

In rare cases, a D&C can cause heavy bleeding, damage to the uterus or other organs, or even death. Your doctor will discuss the risks and benefits of the procedure with you before it is done.