Gynecomastia is typically caused by an imbalance in the hormones estrogen and testosterone. Normally, men have higher levels of testosterone and lower levels of estrogen. When the balance between these hormones is disrupted, breast tissue can enlarge. Common causes and contributing factors include:
Gynecomastia often occurs in teenage boys as hormone levels fluctuate during adolescence.
As men get older, their testosterone levels may decrease, leading to an increased risk of gynecomastia.
Certain medications, such as some anti-androgens, antidepressants, and anabolic steroids, can cause gynecomastia as a side effect.
Some medical conditions, like liver disease, kidney disease, and certain tumors, can lead to hormonal imbalances and gynecomastia.
Drug and alcohol use, as well as obesity, can contribute to gynecomastia.
The main symptom of gynecomastia is the enlargement of breast tissue in males. This can vary in severity from a small amount of extra tissue to more noticeable breast development. Gynecomastia is typically painless, but some individuals may experience tenderness in the breast area.
Diagnosing gynecomastia usually involves a physical examination, medical history review, and possibly hormone level tests or imaging studies to rule out underlying medical conditions. It's essential to consult a healthcare provider for an accurate diagnosis.
Treatment for gynecomastia depends on the underlying cause and the degree of breast enlargement. In many cases, gynecomastia resolves on its own, especially in adolescents as hormone levels stabilize. However, if it persists and causes emotional distress or physical discomfort, treatment options may include:
If the condition is expected to resolve, healthcare providers may recommend monitoring without intervention.
Some medications, such as selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) or aromatase inhibitors, may be prescribed to reduce breast tissue.
Surgical removal of excess breast tissue (gynecomastia surgery or reduction mammoplasty) is an option for individuals with significant or persistent gynecomastia. This surgery can provide a more immediate and permanent solution.
Gynecomastia surgery, also known as male breast reduction surgery, offers several significant benefits, which can have a positive impact on both physical and emotional well-being. Here are some key benefits of gynecomastia surgery:
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