Dizziness is a general term that can refer to a feeling of lightheadedness, unsteadiness, or loss of balance, while vertigo specifically refers to the sensation of spinning or moving. Both symptoms can be debilitating and can greatly impact a person's quality of life.

Diagnosis

To properly diagnose the cause of dizziness and vertigo, a healthcare provider will typically perform a thorough examination and ask about the individual's medical history. This may include questions about when the symptoms first began, how often they occur, and what seems to trigger or worsen them.

The provider may also perform a physical examination, including checking the person's vision, hearing, and balance. They may also perform a test called the Dix-Hallpike manoeuvre, which can help diagnose benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a common cause of vertigo.

Additionally, the provider may order imaging tests such as an MRI or CT scan to rule out any underlying conditions such as a brain tumour or inner ear problem. Blood tests may also be done to check for other causes, such as anaemia or a thyroid disorder.

Treatment

The treatment for dizziness and vertigo will depend on the underlying cause. Some common management strategies include:

• Vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT): A type of physical therapy that can help improve balance and reduce dizziness by retraining the brain to process signals from the inner ear.
• Medications: Depending on the cause, medications such as antihistamines, anticholinergics, or benzodiazepines may be prescribed to reduce symptoms. For example, Antihistamines like cinnarizine, cyclizine, and promethazine are used to reduce nausea and vomiting associated with vertigo.
• Lifestyle changes: Avoiding triggers such as alcohol, caffeine, and certain medications can help reduce symptoms. Also, avoiding prolonged periods of standing or sitting, and taking frequent breaks can also be helpful.
• Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to treat the underlying cause of dizziness and vertigo, such as a tumour or an inner ear problem.

In the case of BPPV, a specific manoeuvre called the Epley manoeuvre may be performed by a healthcare provider to move the loose crystals in the inner ear back to their proper position.

It is important to note that dizziness and vertigo can be caused by a variety of factors, and proper diagnosis and treatment can be complex. It is important to see our healthcare provider if the symptoms are severe, prolonged, or interfering with daily activities. Our experts will be able to determine the underlying cause and develop an appropriate treatment plan.