Radiation therapy is one of the best treatments for head and neck cancer. Radiation focuses directly on the cancer cells. Surrounding healthy tissue may also be affected. However, healthy cells can heal from radiation. For head and neck cancer, new technologies in radiation treatment preserve important organs. These new technologies result in equal cure rates with better swallowing and/or voice function when compared to surgery. In some cases, radiation will be combined with surgery, chemotherapy or both.

External Beam Radiation Therapy in Head and Neck Cancers

Radiation oncologists use various types of radiation to safely and effectively treat cancer. In most cases, radiation is delivered in the form of high-energy X-rays. Treatments are usually scheduled daily, five days a week, for five to seven weeks. Before beginning treatment, you will be scheduled for a planning session. Your radiation oncologist will map where to treat. This procedure, called pretreatment planning, or simulation, involves having a CT scan.
You need to stay in position during treatment. You may have a plastic mask over your head and shoulders. You can see and breathe through this form-fitting mask. It is made to comfortably minimize movement during treatment.

Dental Care

Dental care is an essential part of preparing for head and neck radiation treatment. Before you begin therapy, you may need to be examined by a dentist or oral surgeon. Your mouth may become dry during and following the treatments. This puts you at increased risk for cavities. Your dentist may ask you to use a plastic tray filled with fluoride to improve dental health.
If the dentist determines that you need any dental work, like removing a tooth, this should be done before beginning the radiation therapy. Dental work may delay starting radiation treatment for up to two weeks to allow time for healing. Ask your doctor whether you need to see your dentist before starting treatment.